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Student engineers build human-powered drill for clean water in developing nations

The contraption looks like a spear that impaled a wheel of fortune, but it does more than give contestants a chance to buy a vowel or solve the puzzle.  The device is actually a human-powered drill built by a team of BYU engineering students, who hope it will help Tanzanians drill the 250 feet required to access clean drinking water. 

Other water-drilling alternatives in the region either can’t dig deep enough or cost too much, sometimes upwards of $15,000.  But the team’s device has the potential to drill a 150- to 250-foot-deep hole in a matter of days—all for about $2,000.

The drill was created for a year-long engineering capstone project that has students solving real engineering problems with real clients.  The team created the drill for WHOLives.org, a nonprofit dedicated to providing clean water, better health and more opportunities to people living in impoverished communities.  The organization is currently focusing its drilling efforts on Tanzania, but it has plans to expand its operations to other countries. The project is also co-sponsored by the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology.

John Renouard, the co-founder of WHOLives.org, said this project is a sustainable way to impact people all over the world.  

“People with great intentions often go over there and give stuff away, but sometimes it’s just a Band-Aid on a bigger injury,” he said.  “But this could ultimately bring water to millions of people.  The BYU team hit a home run.”

But that home run didn't come without its fair share of strikeouts.  The team ran into some complications with their initial wood prototype, and they had to put in twice as many hours as required by the course to complete their final metal model.

The BYU team also had to operate within a number of strict parameters set by WHOlives.org so that the final product can be easily built and maintained in developing countries. The drill uses no gears or customized parts, and it can easily be taken apart, transported in the bed of a truck and reassembled within an hour.

The drill can be operated by four people. Three spin the wheel that turns the bit, and the fourth lifts the bit up and down when necessary to punch through tough spots. A water pump system removes the dirt from the six-inch-wide hole.

“At the beginning of the year we had a meeting with the sponsor, and he said that very rarely do you get an opportunity to work on a project that can change millions of lives,” said Nathan Toone, one of the student engineers who worked on the drill.  “You forget that sometimes when you’re in the middle of working and setbacks and frustrations, but it’s really good to see it pay off.  It has definitely paid off.”

Christopher Mattson, assistant professor of mechanical engineering, is the team's faculty coach.  Ken Langley is the student team leader; he and Toone were joined by Devin LeBaron, Jimmy Stacey, Eric Janmohamed, and Sabin Gautam.

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About that pump...
  4/25/2011 11:10 PM by Nathan

Scott - There is actually plenty of water available, it's just not clean. We can use unclean water to make the slurry (made by mixing in a chemical called Bentonite) to allow us to drill the borehole. Once the hole is complete, the slurry is removed and gravel-packed casing is inserted, bringing up the clean water from the aquifer, unaffected by the water used to drill. The pump is [now] part of another project. We built and tested treadle pumps, which are commonly used in rural areas for irrigation and such, but it's difficult to get enough flow rate and pressure to push up a 250ft slurry column. We are planning to use rented gas pumps for now, which is still considerably cheaper than renting an entire drilling rig. We're headed to Tanzania in May 2011 - hopefully you'll be hearing more about us then!

What about the pump?
  4/21/2011 12:29 PM by Scott

Thanks for the clarification, Nathan.

I'm curious about a few more details. Apparently this needs a slurry pump to work, but I don't see that in any of the pictures. Is the pump part of another project? Would it be human-powered also?

Since you need water to make the slurry, is there a chicken-and-egg problem in drilling a well in an area that doesn't already have a well?

How it works... (by one of the student Engineers)
  4/18/2011 11:15 PM by Nathan

When the wheel spins, a drag bit (seen in the picture with all the pieces on the grass) eats away at the dirt and the cuttings are flushed out of hole by a thick slurry that is pumped down the pipe to the bottom. The winch allows us to control the rate of descent so that the bit never gets buried in the dirt, but is always easy to spin. We use 3-ft lengths of pipe. Every 3 feet we drill down, we clamp it off, bring the yellow bar up the top, and add a new 3-ft pipe below the wheel in between the previous pipe and the yellow bar. So - That's how we're able to drill 250 feet with something so small - just keep adding lots of 3-ft lengths of pipe. Thanks for the interest!

Wow!
  4/16/2011 11:11 PM by James

That's so great. What a remarkable thing to build. So simple and yet so life-changing.

I am curious, though: how can something so small drill 250 feet deep? By all appearances, it looks like it should only be able to drill 10 feet deep. I don't doubt it's true, but I'm curious how it works.

Story Highlights

  • Four people could potentially drill a 250-foot hole in days.
  • The rig is small and portable enough to be moved among hard-to-reach villages.
  • Supplying a means for clean water will save villagers hours each day, not to mention give many health benefits. 

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Using a winch, one user (left) controls the movement of the bit up and down, whole three others spin the wheel that powers the bit.

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On the front row (from left to right): Devin LeBaron, Jimmy Stacey, Eric Janmohamed, Sabin Gautam, Ken Langley On the back row (from left to right): Nathan Toone, Chris Mattson

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The rig can be taken apart and put back together in less than an hour.

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When disassembled, the rig fits in the back of a pick-up, so hard-to-reach villages can still use it.

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Here's the six-inch-wide hole the drill created during a test in Provo.
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